In India, slums and urbanization are linked phenomena. Progressive states and urban metropolises have seen rapid increase in slums.

The Census of India defines slums as notified areas within cities and towns which lack in civic amenities like proper drinking water and sanitation services, with unhygienic living conditions.

As per 2001 census, 42.6 million Indians live in slums, of which 11.2 live in Maharashtra and 5.2 million in Andhra Pradesh. Other states with high slum population are Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya and West Bengal.

Amongst cities, Mumbai has the highest slum population followed by Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai.

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